3rd TYPE CONDITIONALS Explanation and practice

 
The 3rd conditional sentence structure is also called the past unreal conditional or past hypothetical conditional. It is used to imagine a different past than the one that happened.

((Este tipo de condicional se conoce como "IMPOSIBLES" pues ya ocurrieron en el pasado y no tenemos posibilidad de cambiar el resultado, solo nos queda lamentarnos.))

If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have got so fat. (Si yo no hubiera comi tanto, no habría engordado tanto)

The if clause is unreal. It did not happen. The result is what would have happened IF the if clause were real:

If I hadn’t eaten so much,

Did I eat a lot? Yes, I did. However, I’m imagining what would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much.

What would have happened if I hadn’t eaten so much? The result:

…I wouldn’t have gotten* so fat.

Am I fat now? Yes. I would not be fat now if hadn’t eaten so much in the past. If I ate well in the past, I would not be fat now.
*In American English, ‘gotten’ is used at the past participle of ‘got.’ In British English, ‘gotten’ is not used.
[I'm not fat in real life! I am just using this as an example sentence!]

The 3rd conditional form:

If + past perfect, would have + past participle

NOTE:

*Because you are imagining the past, you can ONLY use if. In this sentence structure, you cannot use when, after, or any other time conjunction. (normalmente usaremos la partícula condicional if, ya que es pasado)

Common uses of this sentence structure:

((Usos comunes de la tercera condicional: ))

1.What would you have done if … ? (¿Qué habrías hecho si...?)

What would you have done if you hadn’t been accepted at any university?
What would you have done if we hadn’t been there to help?
What would you have done differently if you had known you would never speak to him again?

2. If I had known… (Si yo hubiera sabido que...)

If I had known that you needed help, I would have come!
If we had known you were sick, we would have gone to visit you in the hospital.
We wouldn’t have driven all this way if we had known the museum was closed.
If I had known that you needed a ride to school, I would have driven you.
I really wanted to see that movie! If I had known you were going, I would have gone with you!

3. You can use this sentence structure to express regret about something in the past, and to wish the past had happened differently. 
(Usamos la 3ª condicional para lamentarnos de una situación pasada que queremos hubiese sido de manera diferente)

If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it.
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job.

4. You can use this structure to criticize someone/something or point out mistakes:
(Para criticar algo o señalar errores)

If you hadn’t stayed out so late last night, you wouldn’t have slept in and been late for work!
It would have been quicker if we had taken a taxi to the park instead of walking.

More example sentences:

If I hadn’t gone to the party, I would have never met my husband.
We would have gone out last night if we hadn’t been so tired.
If his brother hadn’t reminded him, Dan would have forgotten his wife’s birthday.
If she had seen the ice on the road, she would have slowed down and she wouldn’t have gotten in an accident.

Other modal verbs can be used in the result clause:

might have + past participle = maybe

If I had known you would be at the party, I might have gone.
If I had known about his police record, I might not have dated him.
If he had finished high school, he might have had a better life.
If she had been wearing her seatbelt, she might have survived the car accident.

could have + past participle = possibility or ability

I could have been a world-class swimmer if I had practiced more when I was younger.
If I had known you didn’t have a car, I could have driven you to the meeting.
If my parents hadn’t lent me money, I could never have afforded university.
If you had told me the TV was broken, I could have fixed it for you!

 ONLINE ACTIVITIES to PRACTICE: (practica en tu ordenador la 3ª condicional)

1. In this exercise, you will practise forming the third conditional. Based on the example sentence, complete the third conditional sentence by filling in the spaces.